Protecting Electric Vehicle Designs with Indian Design Patents

April 19, 2025

With the rapid growth of the electric vehicle (EV) market, protecting unique designs is crucial for manufacturers. Read this article to understand the importance of design patents in safeguarding EV innovations under Indian design law.

Introduction
The electric vehicles (EV) industry has seen an exponential growth whether it is technological advancements or environmental concern with sustainable mobility solutions. As creativity in the industry increases, safeguarding the unique designs of electric cars becomes essential. Design patents for electric vehicles are one of the best ways to protect the distinctive aesthetic and functional features seen in EVs. This article examines how electric vehicle manufacturers in India can use design patents to protect their innovations and provide a detailed overview of Indian design patent law, including the perspective of the Indian Design Patent Office.

What is a Design Patent?

A design patent protects the visual and ornamental features of the product, such as its shape, configuration, and general appearance of the product. Design patents cover the look of a product, compared with utility patents, which cover the functional aspects of an invention. For instance, design patents for electric vehicles can protect the overall shape of the vehicle, the layout of the dashboard, the design of seats, the look of the lighting elements, and any other visual features of the vehicle.

Definition of “Design” under Indian Law

According to the Designs Act, 2000, a design is defined as the “features of shape, configuration, pattern, ornament, or composition of lines or colors applied to any article, whether in two-dimensional or three-dimensional form, by any industrial process or means, including any known process or means.” Essentially, the design encompasses any visual aspect of an article that is aesthetically appealing and can be viewed by the eye.

The design needs to be novel and industrially applicable. This means that it must be possible to reproduce it on a large scale using industrial processes, such as mass production techniques.”

For EVs, the design could also include:

Exterior shape: The overall body shape, front grille, tail light arrangement, side profile, etc.
Interior design: The arrangement and design of seats, dashboard, steering wheel, and control systems.
Functional elements: Certain functional features that also have an ornamental appearance, such as unique tire tread patterns or wheel designs.
Decorative elements: The use of colors, patterns, or textures on surfaces that contribute to the vehicle’s aesthetic appeal.

Why are Design Patents Important for EV Manufacturers?

Market Differentiation: There is a burgeoning market for EVs, with many manufacturers providing similar technical elements. The design of an EV can set one brand apart from another in a world so filled with competition. EV design patent protection can offer exclusive rights to these types of unique visual elements, making it illegal for competitors to copy or imitate them.
Protection of Aesthetic Value: Like other industries, an electric vehicle’s aesthetic coordinates play an important role in the consumer decision process. Futuristic exteriors, integrated with user-friendly interiors, have a larger role to play in the eventual figures an EV makes in the market. Protecting EV designs through design patents allows manufacturers to keep these unique features from being replicated.
Bolstering of Intellectual Property Portfolio: By filing for design patents, EV manufacturers can bolster their intellectual property (IP) portfolio. On top of offering exclusive rights to innovations, a well-established IP portfolio can play an essential role when reaching out to investors or potential partners, or when exploring licensing possibilities.
Protection From Infringement: If you have a design patent, you can sue anyone who copies your design without your consent. As the EV market rapidly evolves, it is critical for manufacturers to protect their designs from potential infringers who will copy and use successful elements to gain an unscrupulous advantage. Legal protection for electric vehicle designs ensures that these unique features are safeguarded from such risks.

Indian Design Patent Law

In India, the protection of designs falls under the Designs Act, 2000, and the Designs Rules,2001. This legislation provides the legal framework for registering and protecting the visual and ornamental aspects of an article, including electric vehicles. The Designs Act allows for the registration of designs that are new, original, and have industrial application.

Here are the key aspects of Indian Design Patent Law relevant to EV manufacturers:

Eligibility for Design patent protection : To qualify for a design patent in India, the design must fulfil the following criteria —
Novelty: Even a single prior disclosure of the design in any format, anywhere in the world can affect a design’s novelty.
Originality: The design must not be copied from or derived from another design, nor the work of others.
Industrial Applicability — The design should be susceptible to implementation in an article and be functional in industrial production.

For the manufacturers of electric vehicles, this implies that there can be no replication of a single element whether it be the vehicle’s exterior, the dashboard or any other segment; it must be unique in its design.

Protection from Design Law: When upon registration of a design as per the Designs Act, the owner gains exclusive rights to the use of the design and to stop others from copying or reproducing it. The law protects the ornamental shape of a product, barring others from making, selling, or distributing anything with a design, the same as or closely similar to a registered design.

Design protection plays a significant role for the plaintiffs in sectors like the EV industry, where the visual attractiveness of a product is crucial to its viability. This prevents competitors from copying the unique features that make the manufacturer’s vehicle stand out in the market.

Design patent strategies for EVs can ensure that unique features are protected from competitors copying successful elements in the marketplace.

Registration Process:
Application Filing: The design application must be filed by the applicant with the Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks (CGPDTM). An application normally includes a document that outlines the design with equal detail as the drawings or images required.
Review, Application & Grant: The application is reviewed at the Design Office. If it meets all the criteria of novelty, originality, and industrial applicability, the design gets registered, and the said design is granted exclusive rights to the applicant.
Protection duration: Duration of protection available in India is 10 years which is extendable for another 5 years, summing up total of 15 years of protection.
Infringement and Enforcement: After a design is registered, the owner has exclusive rights to the design, which allows them to sue others for copying it. If someone uses or copies the patented design without permission, the holder of the design patent can take legal action, which may involve suing for damages or seeking an injunction against the infringing party. In India, the courts are very active in protecting design patents, and violators may be punished under the Designs Act.
International Protection: India is a signatory to the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property and WIPO. As such, Indian design patents, by conventional filing, are valid worldwide, enabling manufacturers to safeguard their EV designs from others in the international markets as well. EV manufacturers can also apply under the Hague System for international design protection.

Role of the Indian Design Patent Office

In India, designs are registered with the Indian Design Patent Office which operates under the aegis of the Office of the Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks (CGPDTM). Its role is critical in the examination of design patents and in granting protection for intellectual property. The office acts a forum for adjudicating design-related disputes.

The office provides various services, including:

Registration of designs and grant of exclusive rights to the applicant.
Examination of design applications to determine their eligibility for protection.
Maintaining a publicly accessible database of registered designs, allowing manufacturers to check for any pre-existing designs that may conflict with their proposed design.

Conclusion

With the EV sector blooming in India, the design of these electric vehicles now requires protection more than ever. The aesthetic features that distinguish an EV in the market are protected through electric vehicle design patents, which represent a powerful means of protection for these types of vehicles. This will also help to avoid a situation where Indian electric vehicle manufacturers spend considerable time creating innovative products with no recourse to patent protection to gain a competitive advantage. By effectively registering and safeguarding their distinctive designs, manufacturers can not only set their offerings apart but also establish a robust portfolio of intellectual property that will contribute to their sustainable growth in the fiercely competitive global EV landscape.

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Protecting Electric Vehicle Designs with Indian Design Patents

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